The utility model provides a rapid plugging tool for a pipeline pressure test. Threads matched with transmission threads are arranged in a threaded hinge support. A plurality of evenly distributed assemblies are arranged outside the threaded hinge support and used for installation of a supporting rod, wherein each assembly is composed of double rectangles and a semicircle. The supporting rod is used for connecting the threaded hinge support, a fastener and a hinge support disc. Pins are used for three circular holes annularly and evenly distributed in the threaded hinge support, the supporting rod and the hinge support disc respectively and used for allowing centralization bolts to penetrate through. A transmission part is composed of a handle, a transmission threaded rod and limiting nuts. The handle is connected with the transmission threaded rod. The limiting nuts are located above the hinge support disc. A fastening part is composed of an inlet/outlet, a pressure-bearing panel, a fastening nut, sealing material and the centralization bolts. The pressure-bearing panel is located below the hinge support disc. The inlet/outlet is formed in one side of the fastening nut. According to the rapid plugging tool, the effects of reducing equipment rental costs, being safe and reliable and saving time and labor are achieved.