The utility model discloses a large-aperture bit extractor which comprises an extraction core taking sleeve arranged on a drill pipe and a drill joint. The extraction core taking sleeve is of a hollow cylinder structure with an open end, one end, with the end face, of the extraction core taking sleeve is arranged on the outer circumference of the drill pipe, and a sleeve edge alloy cutter is arranged on the portion, at the open end of the cylinder, of the sleeve; the outer circumference of the drill joint is of a cone and cylinder combined structure, a hollow structure is arranged in the drill joint, screw threads are arranged on the upper portion of the hollow structure, the lower portion of the hollow structure is provided with a drill hook fixed through a pin shaft, the drill joint is connected with the end face of the drill pipe through the screw threads, a cylinder of the drill joint is provided with an open groove, the drill hook is movably connected with the pin shaft as the rotation axis, and the open groove and the lower portion of the hollow structure serve as a rotation space. The large-aperture bit extractor is simple in structure, is integrally designed, easy to machine, assemble and store, light, safe to use, low in power requirement, easy to operate and control and capable of being used for easily extracting bits at shaft bottoms.