The utility model provides a mine water heat exchange device and a system supplying heat through mine water. The mine water heat exchange device comprises a mine water pond (1), a mine water filter (2), a heat pump unit (3) and a pipeline; a mine water circulating pump (11) which is used for pumping mine water inside the mine water pond through the pipeline is arranged inside the mine water pond; the pipeline comprises a sewage heat exchange pipeline and a clean water heat exchange circulating pipeline; the sewage heat exchange pipeline is used for enabling mine water to flow through a mine water filtering device the heat pump unit and then back to the mine water pond; the clean water heat exchange circulating pipeline is used for enabling the mine water to flow through the heat pump unit and back to the mine water pond; in the sewage heat exchange pipeline, a sewage water supply valve (51) is arranged between the mine water pond and the mine water filtering device; in the clean water circulating pipeline, a clean water supply valve (53) is arranged between the mine water pond and the heat pump unit. The mine water heat exchange device can satisfy the water quality requirement of different mine water and accordingly achieves efficient recycling of mine water heat energy.