The utility model discloses a radiation resistant and high-and-low temperature resistant optical cable for spaceflight. The radiation resistant and high-and-low temperature resistant optical cable for spaceflight includes an optical fiber, a tight wrapping buffering layer, a reinforcing material layer and an outer sheath which are arranged from inside to outside in a wrapping manner sequentially; the optical fiber is an irradiation resistant optical fiber; the optical fiber is wrapped with an optical fiber coating which is made of a high-and-low temperature resistant polyacrylate coating; the tight wrapping buffering layer wraps the optical fiber coating and is made of a high-and-low temperature resistant fluorine material tight wrapping layer; the reinforcing material layer wraps the tight wrapping buffering layer and is a uniform and compact meshy braided reinforcing layer which is formed through braiding a plurality of strands of radiation resistant, high-and-low temperature resistant and high-strength non-metal continuous reinforcement fibers; and the outer sheath is formed on the reinforcing material layer through extrusion molding and is a thin-wall and high-and-low temperature resistant fluorine material outer sheath. According to the radiation resistant and high-and-low temperature resistant optical cable for spaceflight of the utility model, different layers of materials which realizes buffering protection and reinforcement of the optical fiber can satisfy requirements of expansion coefficient matching, and therefore, a micro bending effect can be effectively prevented.