The utility model discloses a similar surrounding rock material building block production device for a high geothermal roadway. The similar surrounding rock material building block production device comprises a base, wherein a plurality of concentric ring protective plates which are consistent in height and different in diameter are arranged on the base, a plurality of iron plates are alternately arranged among the concentric ring protective plates at intervals, and clamp slots connected with the concentric ring protective plates are formed in the base. The device is used for producing building blocks needed by round shafts in a physical similarity simulation test of the high geothermal roadway, the prefabricated building blocks can be maintained within enough time, and are relatively stable in thermophysical properties, and can guarantee the homogeneity and the isotropy of the simulated surrounding rock, the produced building blocks can be directly arranged in a testing shaft, materials poured in gaps formed among the building blocks can relieve thermal stress generated during heating process so as to prevent the thermal expansion of the building block material from damaging equipment.