The utility model discloses a magnetic field measurement device based on a coherent particle population capture effect. The magnetic field measurement device is composed of a physical system and a circuit system which are connected via a wire harness plug and a high-frequency signal wire. The physical system is composed of a laser diode, a lens, an attenuation sheet, a quarter wave plate, an atom air chamber, a heating sheet, a temperature sensor and a photoelectric detector. The circuit system is composed of a microprocessor, a PD acquisition circuit, a laser diode temperature control circuit, an atom air chamber temperature control circuit, a laser diode current control circuit, a modulation microwave source and a touch display screen. Laser is adopted to act as an interference light source, and the magnetic field measurement device is ensured to have pT magnitude sensitivity via the narrow linewidth characteristic and Doppler elimination effect of laser; a working mode that a modulation microwave signal is directly loaded on a laser source is adopted so that arrangement of a radio frequency coil at the two sides of the atom air chamber is avoided and thus volume of the physical system (the sensing part) of the magnetic field measurement device arranged at the sides is effectively reduced; and atom medium polarization time limit does not need to be considered so that high-speed and continuous measurement can be realized.