A portable emergency satellite communication box comprises a box body and an internal circuit. The internal circuit comprises a network router circuit, an audio-video collection circuit, a terrestrial network communication interface, a maritime satellite communication interface, a terrestrial 3G network communication interface, and a power circuit. The network router circuit is used for selecting network connection modes including a terrestrial fixed network connection mode, a maritime satellite network connection mode, and a terrestrial 3G mobile network connection mode. The audio-video collection circuit is connected to the network router circuit and is used for collecting audio and video data and sending the audio and video data to the network router circuit. The terrestrial network communication interface is connected to the network router circuit and is used for access to a terrestrial fixed network. The maritime satellite communication interface is connected to the network router circuit and is used for access to a maritime satellite network. The terrestrial 3G network communication interface is connected to the network router circuit and is used for access to a terrestrial 3G mobile network. The power circuit is used for supplying power for the circuits above. The satellite communication box can work for a long time continuously with a high integrated level and a high protection grade.