The utility model discloses an unpowered self-ventilation type aerobic composting device. The unpowered self-ventilation type aerobic composting device comprises a barrel body and a top cover which is positioned in the upper part of the barrel body, wherein a feeding hole is formed in the top cover; gas introducing tubes are vertically and uniformly distributed in the barrel body, and extend to the upper part of the top cover from the bottom of the barrel body; gas introducing holes are uniformly formed in the barrel body, a discharging hole is formed in the lower part of the barrel body, and a percolate water outlet tube and a valve are arranged on the lower part of the barrel body. According to the unpowered self-ventilation type aerobic composting device, air circulation in the device is accelerated by the gas introducing holes arranged along the barrel body and the gas introducing tubes vertically arranged; under an unpowered condition, the aerobic environment in the device is realized; agricultural solid wastes are added into the device from the feeding hole in the top of the device, are quickly decomposed into stable organic fertilizers under the action of aerobic microorganisms, and exhausted from the discharging hole in the lower part of the device; percolate produced in a composting process flows out from the percolate water outlet tube on the bottom of the device. The unpowered self-ventilation type aerobic composting device disclosed by the utility model is free of power consumption, high in composting efficiency, simple to operate and easy to manage.