The utility model relates to a construction device for penetrating an obstacle by a cable. One side of the obstacle is provided with a cable placement rack on which a cable drum is arranged. A penetrating cable winds the cable drum. The other side of the obstacle is provided with a winching machine, and a main wire rope for drawing winds the winching machine. The back part of the winching machine is connected with a ground anchor through an anchoring rope and a digital display tensiometer. A cable sleeve which penetrates below the obstacle is arranged between the cable drum and the winching machine. The cable sleeve comprises an underground segment, a horizontal segment and an above-ground segment. The internal diameter of the cable sleeve is 1.5-2 times of the external diameter of the cable. The traction end of the main wire rope penetrates through the cable sleeve and is connected with the free end of the penetrating cable. The penetrating cable is uniformly provided with a plurality of roller holding hoops equidistantly, wherein the spacing between two adjacent roller holding hoops ensures no contact between the penetrating cable and the inner wall of the cable sleeve in frontward movement of the penetrating cable. A ground guide rail is arranged between the cable placement rack and the inlet end of the cable sleeve. The construction device for penetrating the obstacle by the cable can greatly reduce a penetrating resistance of the cable and has high safety and high reliability.