The utility model provides a culture device for periphyton. The culture device comprises a culture box, a periphyton attachment system arranged in the culture box and used for attached growth of the periphyton, a lighting system arranged in the culture box, located above the periphyton attachment system and used for providing a light source and a heat source for growth of the periphyton, a water supply system used for supplying a water body to the periphyton attachment system and providing a water flow environment for growth of the periphyton, a water quality parameter detection system arranged in the culture box and used for detecting water quality conditions for growth of the periphyton as well as a supporting system used for supporting and adjusting the inclination angle of the culture box relative to the horizontal plane and used for changing river conditions of the periphyton attachment system in the culture box by adjusting the inclination angle of the culture box. With the adoption of the culture device for the periphyton, growth conditions of the periphyton are simulated in aspects of the matrix, illumination, the water quality, the flow velocity and the like, and indoor culture of the periphyton is realized.