The utility model relates to a TD-SCDMA-based distributed base station system for an underground coal mine. The distributed base station for the underground coal mine includes a base station controller and radio frequency units; the base station controller is connected with the radio frequency units through optical fibers; and an upper-level interface of the base station controller receives baseband signals transmitted by ground equipment, the baseband signals are processed by a central processing module, and the processed baseband signals are transmitted to the radio frequency units through a lower-level interface. The central processing module of the base station controller receives the baseband signals transmitted by the radio frequency units through the lower-level interface and return the baseband signals to the ground after processing; the base station controller has a plurality of lower-level interfaces, and each of the lower-level interfaces is in cascade connection with a plurality of radio frequency units; and a first optical module receives the baseband signals transmitted by the base station controller, a digital processing module outputs radio frequency signals after the baseband signals are processed, and a radio frequency transceiving module is responsible for transmitting radio frequency signals, thereby providing wireless coverage of a TD-SCDMA network.