The utility model provides a novel cable assembly transient fault detection apparatus. The apparatus comprises a vibration apparatus universal base; multiple installation supports fixed on the vibration apparatus universal base; multiple signal transmission technical cables; signal output technical cables in the same quantity as the signal transmission technical cables; and an instant conduction instant break fault detection device provided with multiple connectors. The novel cable assembly transient fault detection apparatus is applied to detecting whether instant break faults at a microsecond-grade and a higher grade are generated at points where electric connectors, assemblies and the like of cable assemblies to be detected are connected with cables during random vibration stress screening, at the same time, can also be applied to detecting whether instant conduction faults at a grade higher than a microsecond grade are generated at points where the electric connectors, the assemblies and the like are not connected with shielding lines during the dynamic process, facilitates timely elimination of the cable assemblies to be detected with fault hidden risks, and improves the cable fault screening capability.