The utility model relates to an automatic switching device for a fault simulation test system of a high-altitude photovoltaic power station. The automatic switching device is characterized in that the automatic switching device is composed of two parts: the first part is an automatic switching switch which is composed of three phases, wherein each phase is divided into a current-limiting reactance connecting part and a short-circuit reactance connecting part and is respectively divided into four gears, each gear being connected with different connecting taps of reactors, and thus combination of different reactance values of the reactors is achieved; and the second part is reactor groups comprising current-limiting reactors and short-circuit reactors, wherein each group of reactors are respectively composed of four groups of taps, each group of taps being corresponding to different reactance values, and different taps achieving different short-circuit currents. The device is simple and convenient to operate, and high in reliability, precision and designability. The reactors can be connected without manual work; when a low voltage ride-through test is performed at any falling depth, reactor wiring can be automatically achieved through a control interface; and test safe reliability is improved.