The utility model discloses a novel self-rescue device of an elevator in emergency situations. The novel self-rescue device comprises an elevator control system, a UPS power source, a rescue motor, an elevator box body, a brake contracting device and a traction machine, wherein the elevator control system controls the traction machine to control the elevator box body to move, the UPS power source is connected with the elevator control system, the rescue motor is connected with the traction machine, the brake contracting device is connected with the traction machine, the elevator box body is internally loaded with a moving bottom board, the bottom of the moving bottom board is installed with a moving support, an emergency switch is installed on elevator doors, and a manual operational aerostatic press is installed on the moving bottom board. By means of the UPS power source serving as an emergency electrical power supply, alternating currents can be supplied, and sufficient electric power can be supplied for the elevator; by means of the manual operational aerostatic press and the emergency switch, the elevator doors can be opened under the action of the air pressure, the operation is simple, the practicality is high, and the trouble of getting trapped by the elevator can be effectively solved.