The utility model discloses a transformer winding structure and a rectifier transformer. The transformer winding structure comprises a high-voltage winding. The high-voltage winding comprises 2n segments of winding bodies distributed in the axial direction, n is an integer larger than 1. The 2n segments of winding bodies are symmetrically distributed on the upper half portion and the lower half portion of the high-voltage winding. Every two adjacent winding bodies in the n segments of winding bodies on the upper half portion of the high-voltage winding are provided with first shunting taps, and the first shunting taps on every two adjacent winding bodies can be connected with each other. Every two adjacent winding bodies in the n segments of winding bodies on the lower portion of the high-voltage winding are provided with second shunting taps, and the second shunting taps on every two adjacent winding bodies can be connected with each other. The transformer winding structure can improve the electrical performance and power distribution reliability of the transformer with a large shunting voltage regulating span effectively.