The utility model provides a cable tunnel robot device based on variable rail of initiative technique, including robot device, variable rail set and peripheral aid monitoring device, the robot is equipped with power supply unit, system master control set, communication device, video unit, infrared thermal imagery device, variable rail set and drive arrangement, be equipped with the sensor on the system master control set, peripheral aid monitoring device includes wireless router, monitor terminal and remote controller, the utility model discloses can effectual replacement manual work patrol, realize through variable the technical of the orbit that it patrols and examines to carry out the intellectuality to complex construction tunnel or channel to and to the conflagration real -time put out a fire operation and full real -time supervision and the control that constitutes take place a little to carry on.