The utility model discloses a chain transmission fastening device which is characterized by comprising at least one driving wheel and at least one driven wheel which are connected through a chain, a transmission shaft is coaxially arranged on the driving wheel, and the transmission shaft is connected with a synchronizer through threads. The driven wheel and the chain are small in occupied space, the chain has the advantage that the chain can penetrate through gaps of objects densely distributed around a nut needing to be fastened, the problem that the nut is fastened in a narrow space is solved, and the transmission shaft can continuously rotate and is high in efficiency under the drive of a ratchet wrench or a torque wrench. According to the synchronizer, the driving wheel, the driven wheel, the chain and a nut needing to be fastened can be synchronously pushed forwards, and the problem that after a bolt needing to be fastened rotates slightly, fastening cannot be continued due to twisting of the chain is solved; due to the fact that the through holes are drilled in the driven wheel in a matched mode, the bolt fastening device is suitable for fastening and dismounting of common bolts and is also suitable for fastening and dismounting of pipe fittings such as pipe joints.