The utility model discloses an endoscope working sheath for urinary surgery. The endoscope working sheath comprises a core rod which can be arranged in the endoscope working sheath and axially slidesrelative to the endoscope working sheath, wherein a guide wire channel, a water injection channel and an image channel which extend from the rear end to the front end of the core rod are formed in thecore rod, and a guide wire connector, a water injection connector and an endoscope connector which can guide a guide wire, water and an endoscope into the guide wire channel, the water injection channel and the image channel respectively are arranged on the endoscope handle. The endoscope working sheath and the core rod enter the human body along the guide wire, the core rod is pulled out after reaching the diseased region, the soft lens is placed in the endoscope working sheath, the endoscope working sheath and the soft lens are operated to observe the diseased region, the endoscope workingsheath and the soft lens are matched with surgical instruments for surgery, and the method is simple and easy to operate. The ureteral dilatation sheath can be widely applied to renal pelvis and renalcalyx calculus operations, can be used as a visible ureteral dilatation sheath, and is suitable for but not limited to cardiovascular intervention, gynecology, thyroid and breast department, neurosurgery, orthopedics department and other unmentioned related clinical medical fields.