The utility model provides a mileage pile management system based on a two-dimensional code. The mileage pile management system based on the two-dimensional code comprises a mileage pile provided withthe two-dimensional code, mobile acquisition equipment and a server, the mobile acquisition device comprises a camera unit, a wireless communication unit and a control unit. The control unit is electrically connected with the camera unit and the wireless communication unit. The control unit sends the two-dimensional code on the mileage pile acquired by the camera unit to a server through the wireless communication unit; and the server stores the received two-dimensional code and establishes a mileage number corresponding to the stored two-dimensional code. According to the utility model, thereceived two-dimensional code is stored through the background server and the mileage number corresponding to the stored two-dimensional code is established; when the mileage pile number is adjusted,pile number change can be achieved through background data updating, full-life-cycle information maintenance of the mileage pile can be achieved by setting a unique number for each mileage pile, information loss caused by change of the mileage pile number is avoided, and high practical value is achieved.