The utility model discloses a transmission fastening device for an anti-theft file cabinet. The file cabinet comprises a file cabinet body, mounting grooves are formed in the inner wall of the top side and the inner wall of the bottom side of the file cabinet body. The same partition plate is mounted in the two mounting grooves in a sliding manner; a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in theinner walls of the sides, away from each other, of the two mounting grooves at equal intervals; sliding grooves are formed in the top side and the bottom side of the partition plate. Sliding rods areinstalled in the two sliding grooves in a sliding mode, the two sliding rods are matched with the multiple corresponding clamping grooves respectively, moving grooves are formed in the ends, close toeach other, of the two sliding rods, moving rods are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the sides, close to each other, of the two sliding grooves, and the ends, away from each other, of the twomoving rods extend into the two moving grooves respectively. The file cabinet is simple in structure and convenient to use, files can be effectively fixed through transmission of the partition plates, the situation that when the files in the file cabinet body are not fully placed, the files slip and scatter is effectively avoided, and the use requirements of users are met.