The indoor solid-liquid separation type garbage conveying system for building construction comprises a vertical barrel arranged in a building elevator shaft, and a cavity is formed in the vertical barrel. The method is characterized in that the method is characterized; a partition plate is arranged in the vertical cylinder; the partition plate divides an inner cavity of the vertical cylinder intoa liquid channel and a solid channel which are not communicated with each other, a liquid pouring opening and a solid pouring opening are formed in the positions, corresponding to each floor, of the vertical cylinder, a liquid outflow pipe and a solid outflow pipe are arranged at the lower end of the vertical cylinder, and a three-stage filter tank is arranged at the liquid outlet end of the liquid outflow pipe. According to the construction waste conveying system, liquid waste and solid waste can fall down through the liquid channel and the solid channel respectively, manpower and material resources for conveying the waste are saved, the waste conveying speed is increased, the solid waste and the liquid waste can be effectively treated, the beneficial effect is remarkable, and the construction waste conveying system is suitable for application and popularization.