The utility model relates to environmental protection equipment, and discloses a composite adsorption microwave recovery or pyrolysis treatment device for organic waste gas, which comprises a pretreatment unit and a plurality of microwave treatment units connected in parallel, wherein the microwave treatment unit comprises a reaction box, an inlet pipe, a ceramic pipe, a microwave generator, a connecting pipe, an outlet pipe and a heat exchanger; the ceramic tubes are arranged in the reaction box in parallel; an activated carbon layer and a zeolite layer are filled in the ceramic tube at intervals. The pretreatment unit disclosed by the utility model can be used for automatically cleaning after the filtering medium is polluted. The recovery and pyrolysis efficiency of the microwave treatment unit on organic pollutants is high, and the adsorbent can be repeatedly regenerated and used; the equipment is simple, energy-saving and low in operation cost. The method has great advantages in small and medium-sized volatile organic waste gas recovery and treatment engineering.