The utility model discloses a sample storage barrel for petroleum geology. The sample storage barrel comprises an outer barrel, a pressing plate, a connecting rod, a spring, an arc groove, a rotatingring, a sliding groove, a connecting pin, a storage barrel main body, a discharging groove, a storage shell, a screw rod, a storage shaft, a reset coil spring, sticking cloth and a stop lever. According to the utility model, the connecting rod is driven to move by extruding the pressing plate; the connecting rod moves to drive the storage barrel main body to move; further, the sample is dischargedfrom the discharging groove; the design of the spring facilitates the automatic reset of the storage cylinder main body; due to the design of a rotating ring, dust is prevented from falling into thestorage barrel body through an arc groove; the sticking cloth is unfolded from the storage shaft by pulling the stop lever, then the storage shaft is driven to rotate, the elastic potential energy ofthe reset coil spring is increased due to rotation of the storage shaft, automatic reset of the storage shaft is facilitated, the storage shaft is conveniently fixed due to the design of the screw rod, and the storage shaft is prevented from automatically rotating to expose a label.