The utility model discloses an adjusting device for the heat transfer capacity of a roadbed in a cold region. Wherein the compressor is communicated with a connector A and a connector B of the electromagnetic four-way valve, the first pipe body is embedded in a maximum frozen deep layer and a stable layer respectively, and the first pipe body is provided with an extending end A and an extending end B; the second pipe body is provided with an extending end C and an extending end D; the extending end A of the first pipe body and the extending end C of the second pipe body are communicated with aconnector C and a connector D of the electromagnetic four-way valve respectively, and the extending end B of the first pipe body and the extending end D of the second pipe body are communicated withthe refrigerant expansion unit respectively. The utility model further discloses a control method of the device, a controller is installed on the assembly frame, the controller is connected with the compressor, the electromagnetic four-way valve and the power source, and a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor which are connected with the controller are arranged in the maximum frozen deep layer and the stable layer respectively. The device has the characteristic of mutually transferring heat of the maximum frozen deep layer and the stable layer, and is suitable for preventing and treating frost heaving diseases of roadbeds in seasonal frozen soil areas.