The utility model relates to an optical platform for simulating a tunnel excavation transparent soil model test. The device comprises a platform and linear guide rails, the linear guide rails are divided into upper guide rails and lower guide rails, the lower guide rails are long and fixed to the platform, scales are marked on the side faces of the lower guide rails, the upper guide rails are perpendicular to the lower guide rails and can move along the lower guide rails, and the upper guide rails are used for containing a transparent soil model test box. By adopting the test device provided by the utility model, under the condition that the manufacturing cost is hardly increased, only the model box needs to be directionally and accurately moved along the linear guide rail when a spot pattern at a parallel position is shot, so that the purposes of improving the shooting quality and efficiency and being safe and economical can be achieved.