The utility model discloses a water wall detection robot with an adjustable wheel track. The robot comprises a vehicle body support, an adsorption device and driving wheels, the adsorption device andthe driving wheels are installed on the vehicle body support, the robot further comprises a driving connecting frame which is in sliding connection with the vehicle body support in the transverse direction, and the driving connecting frame is further connected with a longitudinal driving installation base which can vertically ascend and descend under the action of a vertical driving component; thedriving wheel and the longitudinal driving part of the driving wheel are mounted on the longitudinal driving mounting seat; the vehicle body support is further provided with a variable-wheel-track driving device and a vertical supporting device. The variable-wheel-track driving device is used for driving the driving connecting frame to transversely stretch out and draw back relative to the vehicle body support. And the height of the bottom supporting part of the vertical supporting device is within the lifting height range of the driving wheel supporting part. The water-cooled wall detectionrobot with the adjustable wheel track can adapt to operation scenes with different pipeline distances.