The utility model provides a modern mine ventilation practical training system. The utility model belongs to the technical field of mine training. The main air inlet/return roadway comprises a centrifugal fan, a first air return main roadway, an axial flow fan, a centrifugal fan reverse air duct, a main haulage main roadway, a main shaft, an auxiliary haulage main roadway, an auxiliary shaft and asecond air return main roadway. One end of the first air return main roadway is communicated with the axial flow fan; the other end of the first air return main roadway is communicated with the second air return main roadway; one end of the second air return main roadway is communicated with an air suction port of a centrifugal fan, a reverse air duct of the centrifugal fan is communicated with an air exhaust port of the centrifugal fan, a main shaft is arranged on the main haulage main roadway, an auxiliary shaft is arranged on the auxiliary haulage main roadway, and the two ends of the auxiliary haulage main roadway are communicated with the two ends of the auxiliary haulage main roadway respectively; the mining area is communicated with the auxiliary main haulage roadway and the secondmain air return roadway; and the zone area is communicated with the second air return main roadway. The system can carry out various mine ventilation work practical trainings such as whole mine ventilation resistance measurement, fan performance identification, ventilation system optimization and the like on related workers.