The utility model discloses a power transmission line high-altitude operation safety belt buffer bag with an autonomous rescue rope ladder, and relates to the technical field of power transmission line high-altitude operation safety protection. A high-altitude operator is generally provided with a buffer bag; in order not to influence operation, hanging points of the safety belt are all located onthe back of a person, a back hanging mode is generally adopted when the person falls off, and posture adjustment cannot be conducted autonomously to conduct autonomous rescuing and wire returning dueto the fact that no force borrowing position exists. The self-rescue safety device comprises a safety belt, a buffer bag and a self-rescue rope ladder, the safety belt and the self-rescue rope ladderare arranged in the buffer bag after being folded, and the upper end of the rope ladder is fixedly connected with the lower end of the safety belt. When a high-altitude person accidentally falls off,the safety belt can automatically tear the strapping tape and pull out the self-rescue rope ladder through gravity, the rope ladder is automatically released and unfolded to serve as a force exertingobject, the falling person can conveniently adjust the posture through the rope ladder, and then self-rescue is achieved.