The utility model discloses a synchronous recovery and separation device for drilling gas and water of a high-gas mine. The synchronous recovery and separation device comprises a cylinder body and a cylinder body extrusion positioning mechanism, the front end of the inner cavity of the cylinder is open; a hard sealing ring and a soft water absorption sealing ring are arranged at the rear end of the inner cavity of the cylinder body; a first separation opening and a second separation opening are sequentially formed in the portion, in front of the hard sealing ring, of the cylinder wall of the cylinder body in the axial direction of the cylinder body, and the first separation opening and the second separation opening are vertically and oppositely formed in the radial direction of the cylinder body. A gas extraction pipe is installed and connected to the first separation opening or the second separation opening located in the upper portion, a deslagging and draining hose is installed andconnected to the second separation opening or the first separation opening located in the lower portion, the other end of the deslagging and draining hose is connected with a lifting ring fixedly arranged on the barrel through a tension spring, and the deslagging and draining hose naturally droops to be of a U-shaped structure. The drilling machine is small in size, light in weight, convenient tomount and dismount and capable of separating and recycling gas, water and coal cinder while drilling operation is achieved, and the labor intensity of constructors is lowered in advance.