The utility model discloses a mouse early cognitive training box capable of carrying out a contrast test, which comprises a training box, two eight-arm mazes are arranged in the training box, two groups of illuminating lamps are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the training box, and a control box is arranged between the two illuminating lamps positioned on the front side of the trainingbox; the eight-arm maze comprises center blocks and eight supporting arms, the eight supporting arms are evenly fixed to the outer walls of the center blocks, each center block comprises an inner ringand an outer ring, eight through holes are formed in each inner ring and each outer ring, cover plates are fixed to the tops of the supporting arms and the tops of the center blocks, the supporting arms are of hollow structures, and protruding blocks are arranged at the tops of the inner rings. According to the utility model, cognitive training can be carried out on two mice at the same time, andthe movement tracks of the two mice can be observed at the same time during feeding training; when a mouse enters the supporting arm provided with the warning plate, animal sounds are made through the warning loudspeaker, the copper plate is powered on, and natural enemy cognition of the mouse is trained.