The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental apparatus cleaning. The test tube cleaning and drying device comprises a rack, the cleaning device comprises a shell and a cleaning pipe arranged at the upper end in the shell. A placing plate is arranged at the lower end of the cleaning pipe; test tubes are placed at the upper end of the placing plate; clamping devices are arrangedon two sides of the test tube; the clamping device comprises a left mounting plate and a right mounting plate; the left mounting plate and the right mounting plate are driven by a driving device and do linear opposite movement along the side wall of the shell, the left mounting plate and the right mounting plate are distributed in a mirror image mode relative to the test tube, arc-shaped clampingblocks are fixedly connected to the ends, close to the test tube, of the left mounting plate and the right mounting plate, and rubber pads are bonded to the sides, close to the test tube, of the arc-shaped clamping blocks. The test tube cleaning device is convenient to operate, a plurality of groups of left mounting plates and right mounting plates are matched with the arc-shaped clamping blocks for use, a plurality of test tubes can be simultaneously cleaned on a large scale, and the test tube cleaning device has a good fixing effect and certain practicability.