The utility model discloses a sewage treatment device of an artificial biological river bed, which comprises a river bed, wherein the river bed is a groove body which can be moved, the bottom of the river bed is provided with a natural fiber layer, an ore layer is arranged on the natural fiber layer, a water distributing pipe is arranged between the natural fiber layer and the ore layer, water penetrating holes are arranged on the water distributing pipe, the river bed is connected with a water collecting groove and overflow openings which are mutually communicated are arranged between the river bed and the water collecting groove. The device has the advantages of no power and drug consumption, the avoidance of producing odor, no noise and no influence on periphery environments.