An antidepressant containing an active ingredient comprising a xanthine derivative represented by general formule (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R?1, R2 and R3¿ may be the same or different from one another and each represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkyl or propargyl; R4 represents cycloalkyl, -(CH¿2)n-R?5 (wherein R5 represents optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heterocyclic group, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4) of group (A) wherein Y?1 and Y2¿ may be the same or different from each other and each represents hydrogen, fluorine or methyl, and Z represents optionally substituted aryl, group (B) (wherein R6 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, nitro or amino, and m represents an integer of 1 to 3), or optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and X?1 and X2¿ may be the same or different from each other and each represents O or S.