A ceramic-based composite fiber material (1) formed by disposing a premolded body (5), which is obtained by weaving fiber bundles (3) each of which is formed by bundling a plurality of ceramic fibers (2), in a matrix of a ceramic material, and characterized in that a first ceramic matrix M1 is formed in an inner space of each of the fiber bundles (3) and the portion in the vicinity of an outer circumference thereof, a second ceramic matrix M2 being formed in an inner space, which is other than these fiber bundles (3), of the premolded body (5) and an outer circumferential portion thereof. This material is also characterized in that ceramic fiber of a volume ratio Vf of not less than 10 % is complexed in a reaction-sintered matrix. A covering layer of not less than 50 νm in thickness comprising a ceramic material alone may be formed integrally with and on the surface of the ceramic-based composite fiber material.