Method for obtaining a representation of the textures of a geological structure, characterised in that images characteristic of the sedimentology of said environment are formed, parameters corresponding to the nature of said images are estimated at every point of each image and in a spatial domain around said point, so as to determine a texture vector for each of said points and to obtain a set of texture vectors; texture vectors representative of the characteristic textures of said geological environment are selected in said set of texture vectors; a neural network formed of cells distributed in two dimensions, and which contains as many cells as characteristic textures, is used, and the selected texture vectors are used to submit said neural network to a learning process so that a final topology map of the textures characteristic of said geological environment is obtained.