The present invention relates to a self-cooling liquid container for rapidly cooling the liquid in a container by evaporation of coolant gas. A self-cooling liquid container having a liquid cooling device for cooling a liquid in a container by evaporation of a coolant gas comprises a coolant gas bottle inside the liquid container containing a coolant gas stored under pressure, a nozzle tube communicating with the coolant gas bottle and rounding outside the coolant gas bottle, a mounting support for mounting and supporting the coolant gas bottle inserted into the liquid container, and having a switching portion for selectively releasing the coolant gas, and a cap coupled with the mounting support outside of the container and selectively opening and closing the switching portion.