An image forming apparatus (1; 200; 201; 630) including at least one image bearing member (5; 100); at least one charging device (14) configured to charge a surface of the at least one image bearing member; and at least one developing device (10; 430; 521, 522, 523, 524) configured to develop an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the at least one image bearing member with a developer including a toner to form a toner image thereon, wherein the surface of the image bearing member has a friction coefficient of from 0.10 to 0.30. The image forming apparatus can include a lubricant applicator (15) configured to apply a lubricant (16) to the image bearing member. Alternatively, the outermost layer (505) of the image bearing member can include a lubricant.