The invention relates to a heat transfer element made of a polymer matrix having a fibrous material interspersed therein, said heat transfer element comprising a fluoropolymer at least on an outer surface thereof, the interspersion of the fibrous material within the polymer matrix providing rigidity to the heat transfer element, a thermally conductive material being distributed within the heat transfer element. Such a heat transfer element can be used in the manufacture of radiant panels for power generating stations or can be formed as a pipe for similar use. The heat transfer element may comprise a polymer sheet having fibrous material distributed therein providing structural strength and a fluoropolymer at least on an outer surface of the element which protects the element from physical and chemical corrosion whilst providing anti-fouling properties and good flow characteristics to the element. A thermally conductive material is distributed within the element to provide the necessary heat transfer characteristics.