The invention relates to a rubber composition which can be used for the production of tyres. The inventive composition is based on at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a curing system and, by way of an anti-reversion agent, an itaconimido-maleimide composition having formula (I) (R hydrocarbon radical). The invention also relates to the use of one such composition for the production of a finished or semi-finished product which is made from rubber and which is intended for a motor vehicle road-holding system, in particular a tyre.