Photorefractive compositions are described. The compositions exhibit the following performances: a) Response time is less than 100 msec.; b) Initial diffraction efficiency is higher than 30%; and c) Grating holding ratio which is defined as [η (4 min.) / η (initial)] × 100 is higher than 10%, wherein the η (4 min.) is a diffraction efficiency after 4 minutes and the η (initial) is an initial diffraction efficiency.