An NIR (near infra red) spectrum is obtained from a cereal grain sample and processed to deduce characteristics related to possible weather damage, for the purpose of assessing sample quality. In addition or alternatively, cereal grain is subjected to a compression test, for example to obtain data below the yield point of the shell of the grain, to determine state of any weather damage. An embodiment includes data processing to assess weather damage from data of NIR spectrum analysis and/or data from compression test analysis; a cross correlation is relevant where either of the NIR and compression tests alone are not sufficiently decisive.