The invention relates to an access control system for controlling the access of a user of mobile equipment (10) to an enclosure (100) with an access element (30) for accessing same. The system comprises a beacon equipment (20) to define a certain area around said access element, including a device with wireless access to a mobile telephony network (40), a first smart card with a user identification module unmistakably identifying the beacon equipment for the mobile telephony network, a list of identifiers provided by the mobile telephony network, and control means of the access element (30). The mobile equipment (10) includes a second smart card with a user identification module and authentication and security mechanism management means. The system further comprises local identification means to identify the mobile equipment (10) in the beacon equipment.