According to various embodiments, a video decoding method may include: an input step of effecting input of image data containing encoded data of a frame encoded by a predetermined method, a decoding time of the frame, and a maximum delay time; a decoding step of decoding the encoded data to generate a regenerated image; and an image output time calculating step of calculating, for a backward-prediction-non-associated frame, an output time for display of the backward-prediction-nonassociated frame, by delaying the decoding time by the maximum delay time.