A data transmission method includes: upon initial transmission of data, a data transmission terminal acquiring the type and construction information of the data, and encoding the type and construction information and the data for transmission to a data reception terminal, and the data reception terminal decoding the received type and construction information and data; and upon subsequent transmission of data, the data transmission terminal encoding the data for transmission to the data reception terminal, and the data reception terminal decoding the received data according to the type and construction information. According to the invention, at the data transmission terminal, it is unnecessary to make an analysis to acquire the type and construction information of the data in each transmission, to thereby dispense with a significant workload of data compilation, save communication resources and reduce the time for processing the data. Also, the data transmitted subsequently by the data transmission terminal does not include the type and construction information of the data, causing the transmitted data packets to be relatively small to thereby facilitate rapid and efficient transmission of the data.