The invention relates to a method for treating an asbestos solid (1), said method comprising at least one hot acid treatment step (4) for treating the asbestos (3) of the asbestos solid (1) at atmospheric pressure with an aqueous solution (5) of hydrochloric acid at a temperature close to the boiling temperature of the aqueous solution (5) of hydrochloric acid, in such a way as to obtain a so-called non-silicic solution (8) of at least one non-silicic constituent of the asbestos (3) in the aqueous solution (5) of hydrochloric acid and a so-called silicic solid (9). Said method is characterised in that the non-silicic solution (8) is subjected to a so-called precipitation treatment (13), wherein a selective precipitation (13) of the cationic species of iron present in said non-silicic solution (8) is carried out.