The present invention relates to the novel use of panduratin derivatives or an extract of Boesenbergia pandurata for enhancing muscle mass growth, fighting fatigue and enhancing exercise performance, and more particularly to a composition for promoting an increase in muscles, anti-fatigue composition and a composition for enhancing muscle mass growth and recovery from fatigue to improve exercise performance, the composition comprising a panduratin derivative or a salt thereof or an extract of Boesenbergia pandurata as an active ingredient, and to a method for enhancing muscle mass growth, of treating or preventing fatigue syndrome and enhancing exercise performance, the method comprising a panduratin derivative or a salt thereof or a extract of Boesenbergia pandurata to a subject in need thereof. A panduratin derivative or a salt thereof or an extract of Boesenbergia pandurata of the present invention may be used without side effect and has the effect of increasing the expression of PPAR-´ in muscles to increase muscle mass, promoting recovery from fatigue and increase mobility, thereby improving exercise performance.