Embodiments of the present invention disclose a path loss compensation method, a base station, and a user equipment to implement calculation for path loss compensation where there are multiple power transmission points, which support a macro site and an RRH that flexibly participate in uplink coordinated reception, and improve accuracy of the UE in calculating an uplink transmit power. The method in an embodiment of the present invention includes: obtaining, by a base station, power parameters of a macro site and an RRH in a cell where a UE is located; calculating, by the base station, a path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the power parameters, where the path loss adjustment factor is an adjustment parameter used by the base station to compensate for an uplink transmit power of the UE; and sending, by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor to the UE, so that the UE can calculate the uplink transmit power according to the path loss adjustment factor.