The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating respiratory diseases, and more particularly, to a pharmaceutical composition, and to a health food, comprising extracts of herbal mixtures or fermented products thereof having lactic acid bacteria as effective ingredients for preventing or treating respiratory diseases, wherein the herbal mixtures comprise: Sophora flavascens, Radix glycyrrhizae, Flos Lonicerae, Angelicae Gigantis radix, Aralia continentalis, Inula helenium, Saposhnikoviae radix, Zizyphus spinosa, Houttuynia cordata, Forsythiae fructus, Arctium lappa, Herba epimedii, ginseng, Lithospermi radix, Sanguisorbae radix, Cnidii rhizoma, Scrophulariae radix, and Polygoni cuspidati radix. The herbal extracts or fermented products thereof having lactic acid bacteria exhibit the effects of significantly lowering an airway resistance value; reducing the numbers of leukocytes, neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinocytes, and basophil leukocytes to levels similar to that of a normal group; and reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and eosinocyte cells near AHR on lung tissues. Therefore, the herbal extracts or fermented products thereof having lactic acid bacteria may be valuably used for the prevention and/or treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma.