In a brain cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, temperature sensors are installed in one end and the other end of a cooling fluid transport tube to detect a temperature, a pressure measurement sensor is installed in a storage tank, a control unit is connected to the temperature sensors and the pressure measurement sensor, and the control unit calculates an amount of heat absorbed from a brain according to a change in pressure of the storage tank and the temperature detected by the temperature sensors. In the brain cooling device according to the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, one end of the cooling fluid transport tube and a drainage tube is bent such that adjacent drainage tubes come in close contact with each other. The brain cooling device according to the present invention is directly installed in a dura mater of a brain or a site in which an operation of incising the dura mater of the brain is performed so that heat or swelling is effectively mitigated. After use of the device ends, the brain cooling device may be removed through an operation hole which allows a cooling fluid to be introduced and discharged and penetrates a scalp and a cranium and thereby the device may be removed without a separate operation. When vaporized liquid nitrogen and the like are used as the cooling fluid, it is possible to cool the brain without separate mechanical and electric devices. In addition, blood and the like accumulated in an operation area may be discharged using a drain hole installed in the cooling device.