Embodiments of the present invention provide a MIMO wireless communication system, a MIMO transmission method, and an apparatus, which relate to the field of communications technologies and are invented to effectively improve transmission efficiency and decrease a transmission delay. The MIMO wireless communication system includes: a base station, a first user equipment, and at least one second user equipment, where the first user equipment performs cellular uplink communication with the base station, and performs device-to-device communication with the at least one second user equipment, and the same time-frequency resource is used in the cellular uplink communication between the first user equipment and the base station and the device-to-device communication between the first user equipment and the second user equipment. The present invention is applicable to wireless communication technologies.